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Whole Tones
& Half Tones

Inside each octave, notes are separated by two kinds of small intervals — the building blocks of every scale.

Intervals

Whole Tones & Half Tones

Inside each octave, notes are separated by two kinds of small intervals. These are the building blocks of every scale.

Half Tone (Semitone)
½ step
The smallest interval — one key to the very next key (including black keys).
Whole Tone
1 step
Two half tones — skip one key to reach the next. Equal to 2 semitones.

Half Tone — E to F (no black key between them)

𝄞 E F ½ tone D E F G no black key!

Half Tone — B to C (no black key between them)

𝄞 B C ½ tone A B C D no black key!

Whole Tone — C to D (black key C♯ between them)

𝄞 C D whole tone B C C♯ D E

Whole Tone — D to E (black key D♯ between them)

𝄞 D E whole tone C D D♯ E F

In a major scale the pattern is always: W – W – H – W – W – W – H. The natural half tones fall between E–F and B–C — the only white-key pairs with no black key between them.

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